Part 1: 核心研究方法分类

在开始写之前,你需要明确你的研究属于哪一类，以下是几种最常见的研究范式：

Quantitative Research (定量研究)

定量研究侧重于通过数据和分析来检验假设、发现变量之间的关系，其结果通常以数字和统计形式呈现。

• Surveys / Questionnaires (问卷调查法)
  • 描述: To collect data from a large sample of respondents using a set of standardized questions.
  • 常用词: Likert scale, close-ended questions, demographic data, online survey (e.g., Google Forms, SurveyMonkey), pilot test.
• Experiments (实验法)
  • 描述: To investigate cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating one variable (independent variable) and observing its effect on another (dependent variable) while controlling other variables.
  • 常用词: Control group, experimental group, random assignment, pre-test/post-test design, manipulation, variable.
• Correlational Research (相关性研究)
  • 描述: To examine the statistical relationship between two or more variables without implying causation.
  • 常用词: Correlation coefficient (e.g., Pearson's r), positive/negative correlation, scatter plot.
• Secondary Data Analysis (二手数据分析法)
  • 描述: To analyze existing data that was collected by others for different purposes (e.g., government reports, company sales data, large-scale survey datasets).
  • 常用词: Publicly available datasets, archival data, longitudinal data, cross-sectional data.

Qualitative Research (定性研究)

定性研究侧重于理解现象背后的意义、经验和观点，其结果通常以文字、描述和主题的形式呈现。

• Interviews (访谈法)
  • 描述: To conduct in-depth conversations with participants to gather rich, detailed information about their experiences, beliefs, and perspectives.
  • 常用词:
    • Semi-structured interviews: (半结构化访谈) - Uses an interview guide with a set of core questions but allows for flexibility and probing.
    • In-depth interviews: (深度访谈) - Similar to semi-structured, often more open-ended and exploratory.
    • Focus group interviews: (焦点小组访谈) - Involves a small group of participants discussing a topic to generate a range of views and interactions.
• Case Study (案例研究法)
  • 描述: To conduct an in-depth investigation of a single instance, person, group, or event (the "case") in its real-world context.
  • 常用词: Single case study, multiple case study, bounded system, data triangulation.
• Observation (观察法)
  • 描述: To systematically watch and record behavior and interactions in a natural or controlled setting.
  • 常用词: Participant observation (参与式观察), non-participant observation (非参与式观察), structured observation, field notes.
• Document Analysis / Content Analysis (文献/内容分析法)
  • 描述: To systematically analyze textual, visual, or audio materials (e.g., books, articles, social media posts, speeches) to identify patterns, themes, or meanings.
  • 常用词: Textual analysis, discourse analysis, thematic analysis, coding.

Mixed-Methods Research (混合方法研究)

混合方法研究结合了定量和定性研究的优点,以获得更全面、更深入的理解。

• Convergent Parallel Design (收敛式平行设计)
  • 描述: Collecting and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data at the same time, then merging the results to compare and validate findings.
• Explanatory Sequential Design (解释性序列设计)
  • 描述: First, collecting and analyzing quantitative data. Then, using the results to inform the collection and analysis of qualitative data to help explain or elaborate on the quantitative findings.
• Exploratory Sequential Design (探索性序列设计)
  • 描述: First, collecting and analyzing qualitative data to explore a new topic. Then, using the insights to develop a quantitative instrument (e.g., a survey) and test it on a larger sample.

Part 2: 常用术语和短语

General Terms (通用术语)

• Research Design / Methodology: 研究设计 / 研究方法
• Research Approach: 研究路径 (e.g., positivist, interpretivist)
• Data Collection Methods: 数据收集方法
• Data Analysis Methods: 数据分析方法
• Sampling Strategy / Sampling Technique: 抽样策略 / 抽样技术
• Population and Sample: 总体与样本
• Ethical Considerations: 伦理考量
• Reliability and Validity: 信度和效度 (主要针对定量研究)
• Rigor / Trustworthiness: 严谨性 / 可信度 (主要针对定性研究)
• Triangulation (三角互证): Using multiple data sources, methods, or researchers to enhance the credibility of findings.

Key Phrases (核心短语)

描述研究设计:

• This study adopts a mixed-methods approach.
• A qualitative case study was employed to...
• The research is designed as a correlational study.
• This research utilizes a sequential explanatory design.

描述数据收集:

• Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with...
• A questionnaire was administered to a sample of...
• The researcher conducted non-participant observations...
• Archival data from [source] were analyzed...

描述抽样:

• Purposive sampling was used to select participants...
• A convenience sample of... was recruited.
• Participants were selected through snowball sampling.
• The target population was..., and the final sample consisted of... individuals.

描述数据分析:

• Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive statistics (e.g., mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (e.g., t-test, ANOVA, regression analysis) were performed.
• Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The interview transcripts were coded to identify emerging themes and categories.
• Content analysis was employed to systematically categorize and analyze the textual data.

描述伦理考量:

• Ethical approval was obtained from the [Name of Institutional Review Board].
• All participants provided informed consent before taking part in the study.
• Participants' anonymity and confidentiality were guaranteed throughout the research process.
• Data were stored securely on a password-protected computer.

Part 3: 句式模板

你可以根据你的研究方法,套用以下模板来撰写你的 "Methodology" 章节。

模板 1: 定量研究 (问卷调查)

Research Methodology

1 Research Design and Approach This study employs a quantitative, correlational research design to investigate the relationship between [Independent Variable A] and [Dependent Variable B]. The approach is positivist, aiming to test hypotheses and establish statistical patterns.

2 Participants and Sampling The target population for this study was [describe your population, e.g., all undergraduate students at X University]. A total of [number] participants were recruited through [sampling method, e.g., convenience sampling via university social media groups]. The final sample consisted of [number] respondents, with [describe demographics, e.g., 60% female, 40% male].

3 Data Collection Instrument Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised three sections: Section 1 collected demographic information. Section 2 measured [Variable A] using a [e.g., 5-point Likert scale]. Section 3 measured [Variable B] using [e.g., a 7-point Likert scale]. The instrument was adapted from prior studies by [Author, Year] and [Author, Year], and its reliability was confirmed through a pilot test (Cronbach's α = .85).

4 Data Analysis Procedure Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS (Version 26). First, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) were calculated for all variables. Second, a Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between [Variable A] and [Variable B]. Finally, a simple linear regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesis that [Variable A] predicts [Variable B].

模板 2: 定性研究 (深度访谈)

Research Methodology

1 Research Design and Approach A qualitative, interpretivist approach underpins this study, which utilizes an in-depth case study design. The primary goal is to gain a deep, contextualized understanding of [your research topic, e.g., the experiences of remote workers during the COVID-19 pandemic].

2 Participants and Sampling Purposive sampling was employed to select [number] participants who [describe criteria for selection, e.g., had been working remotely for at least one year and held managerial positions]. This sampling strategy ensured that participants possessed the rich experience necessary for the study. All participants provided informed consent and were assured of their anonymity.

3 Data Collection Data were collected through one-on-one, semi-structured interviews, which were conducted via [Zoom/in-person] and lasted approximately [60 minutes]. An interview guide (see Appendix A) was used to ensure consistency, with prompts allowing for flexibility and deeper exploration. All interviews were audio-recorded with participants' permission and transcribed verbatim.

4 Data Analysis Thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview data, following the six-phase framework by Braun and Clarke (2006). The process involved familiarization with the data, initial coding, searching for themes, reviewing and refining potential themes, defining and naming themes, and producing the report. To enhance trustworthiness, member checking was conducted with two participants to confirm the accuracy of the interpretation.

模板 3: 混合方法研究

Research Methodology

1 Research Design and Approach This study adopts an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. This approach allows for the generalization of quantitative findings followed by an in-depth qualitative exploration to explain those findings. The research aims to first identify the prevalence of a phenomenon and then understand the underlying reasons and contexts.

2 Phase 1: Quantitative Data Collection and Analysis In the first phase, a quantitative survey was administered to [number] participants to measure [your quantitative variables, e.g., job satisfaction and work-life balance]. Descriptive and inferential statistics (e.g., regression analysis) were performed using [software, e.g., R] to test the initial hypotheses.

3 Phase 2: Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis The results from the quantitative phase revealed a significant relationship between X and Y. To explore this relationship in more depth, the second phase involved conducting semi-structured interviews with a purposeful sample of [number] participants. These interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis to develop a rich, contextual understanding of the "why" and "how" behind the statistical trends.

4 Integration of Results The findings from both phases were integrated during the interpretation stage. The qualitative results were used to explain, elaborate on, and provide context for the quantitative findings, thereby offering a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem.

希望这份详细的指南能帮助你清晰、专业地撰写论文的研究方法部分！